From display tech to aircraft, finding the right power supply for your application is crucial. A power supply unit (PSU) that doesn’t meet its application’s demands could become damaged or cause damage to connected equipment. As you select a power supply, you’ll need to match the unit to the demands of the installation, such as its required voltage, wattage, and environmental needs.
What Should You Look for When Choosing a Power Supply?
Knowing how to choose a power supply requires understanding your application’s demands. Take some time to assess what your PSU needs to help you meet the following criteria.
1. Voltage
Identify what voltage requirements your PSU will need based on the equipment you plan to connect. Find both input and output voltages, which can vary depending on your application. If you need input voltages outside the typical options, you may want to look at custom power supplies. When connecting a power source to the PSU’s input connector, it must be within the specified range or else it could cause your power supply to fail.
Note that if you mismatch your output voltage, you might damage the equipment connected to the power supply, which is especially concerning for sensitive or expensive components. Leave some margin for your output current requirements, so you can upgrade equipment in the future if needed and accommodate minor changes in power demand. Be careful not to add too much capacity—as this could negatively affect the PSU’s efficiency.
2. Wattage
Your power supply needs a “sweet spot” for wattage. While too much wattage can decrease efficiency during non-intensive use, not enough wattage won’t adequately support the system. As a result, an overpowered system’s reduced efficiency can cause more heat generation and power consumption, and an underpowered system could damage equipment or cause shutdowns.
Choose a power supply with a wattage slightly larger than what the system needs to run so that it can power equipment even on heavier-than-normal loads.
3. Location and Space
Depending on how and where you’ll use your power supply, you’ll likely need one with certain characteristics to ensure an optimal operating environment. Consider what your power supply may need to address:
- Environmental threats: Most applications need some kind of protection from threats like dust, moisture, vibrations, extreme temperatures, and radiation. Look for appropriate mechanisms like thermally stable materials and ingress protection (IP) ratings that suit the power supply’s demands. For harsh environments such as shipyards, high altitudes, and military vehicles, choose a ruggedized PSU built specifically for that setting.
- Ventilation and cooling: If you’ll place the power supply in an area with low airflow, high heat, or other characteristics that would call for intense thermal management, make sure your power supply can accommodate them, perhaps with hermetic seals or advanced cooling designs.
- Security: Critical power supplies often benefit from access controls or safety barriers. Consider whether you need these components, such as specific mounting or enclosure configurations, due to general safety demands or to avoid tampering.
- Power standards: Different regions have different power standards. Make sure your power supply meets the standards of its geographic area.
4. Application
Many applications have certain demands beyond steady power delivery. Some application requirements to consider include the following:
- Redundancy: Buffer or redundancy modules offer backups. A buffer module can allow your power supply to deliver power to the load even during short failures to the line power. Redundancy modules also offer a form of backup by connecting multiple PSUs to provide power if one fails.
- Data collection and diagnostics: Monitoring tools can help collect information about the power supply to optimize performance and troubleshoot issues.
- Minimizing harmonics: To avoid the system problems of harmonics, you can add line harmonic filters.
- Overcurrents: Circuit breakers can open the circuit if an overcurrent condition ocurs. Current sense circuitry can protect the power supply output power form by limiting the output current during an overload or output short circuit condition and automatically recover when the over current fault is removed.
- Noise reduction: Various noise reduction technologies can reduce EMI interference, and meet output voltage ripple requirements.
- Remote access: Remote monitoring and control components add operational flexibility.
Factors like your budget, environment, security, and interference requirements will influence which features are appropriate for the installation.
5. Efficiency Ratings
A high-efficiency unit can reduce power consumption and heat generation. An efficiency rating refers to how much of the input wattage gets delivered as power. A power supply with 90% efficiency would offer 90% of its input wattage as power, while the extra 10% gets lost mostly as heat.
Consumer-grade power supplies often use 80 PLUS ratings, which offer a minimum of 80% efficiency. More sophisticated PSUs benefit from higher efficiency ratings of at least 90%. By reducing heat loss, larger, power-hungry applications can significantly reduce costs and improve equipment life.
6. Quality and Standards
Low-quality power supplies might be affordable at first, but the potential problems from skimping on quality can significantly increase costs and put mission-critical operations at risk. Ensure your power supply meets or exceeds strict quality specifications, such as military standards and standards from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Only work with a transparent supplier that uses robust quality management and training.
How Do You Size a Power Supply?
Appropriate sizing is one of the most important things you should look for when choosing a power supply. Some components consume more power than others, so wattage requirements vary widely. To find the right size, you’ll need to perform some calculations:
- Identify all of the devices to which you’ll connect the power supply and find their voltage and amperage ratings.
- Multiply these numbers to calculate each device’s voltampere (VA) rating or wattage.
- Add the ratings together to get the total wattage needed.
Remember to size slightly above the number you get to account for future upgrades or increased demands. Add about 20% to the load you calculated. If you anticipate fast growth or other business changes, you may want to get a PSU with higher power capacity.
Once you know your total VA requirements, search for a power supply that meets the rating. If you can’t find an off-the-shelf power supply with the right size or characteristics for your application, consider a custom solution.
Find the Right Power Supply for Your Needs With ACT
At Advanced Conversion Technology (ACT), we specialize in building rugged power supplies for the most demanding industries and applications. We offer various configurations of off-the-shelf and custom military power supplies that meet unique environments and advanced technological requirements. With over 40 years of experience and unmatched quality control standards, ACT brings dependable power supplies to the military and other high-performing industries.
Reach out to our experienced team today for help picking the right power supply. If you already know your specifications, submit a product request, and we’ll get back to you shortly.